3. Lumps or Unusual Swellings
What It Means
A new lump or swelling anywhere in the body, especially in the breast, testicles, neck, or underarms, should be checked by a doctor.
Possible Causes
- Breast cancer often presents as a painless lump in the breast or armpit.
- Lymphoma causes swollen lymph nodes in the neck, armpits, or groin.
- Soft tissue cancers may appear as lumps under the skin.
When to Seek Help
If a lump persists for more than two weeks, grows, or changes in texture, seek medical attention immediately.
4. Persistent Cough or Hoarseness
What It Means
A chronic cough, hoarseness, or difficulty swallowing lasting more than three weeks may be a sign of lung, throat, or esophageal cancer.
Possible Causes
- Lung cancer can cause a persistent cough, wheezing, or blood in mucus.
- Throat or laryngeal cancer may cause hoarseness or voice changes.
- Esophageal cancer can cause difficulty swallowing (dysphagia) and a feeling of food being stuck.
When to Seek Help
If a cough or voice change persists for more than 3 weeks, worsens, or is accompanied by chest pain or blood, see a doctor.
5. Changes in Bowel or Bladder Habits
What It Means
Any sudden or persistent changes in bowel movements or urination may be an early warning sign of colon, bladder, or prostate cancer.
Possible Causes
- Colon cancer can cause diarrhea, constipation, narrow stools, or blood in stool.
- Bladder cancer may lead to blood in urine (hematuria) or frequent urination.
- Prostate cancer can cause difficulty urinating, weak urine flow, or frequent nighttime urination.
When to Seek Help
If you notice blood in stool or urine, persistent diarrhea, constipation, or painful urination, consult a doctor.
